The loss of ventral spines by modern freshwater sticklebacks is due to natural selection operating on the phenotypic effects of Pitx1 gene

The loss of ventral spines by modern freshwater sticklebacks is due to natural selection operating on the phenotypic effects of Pitx1 gene 







A) duplication (gain in number).
B) elimination (loss).
C) mutation (change).
D) silencing (loss of expression).






Answer: D


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