In creating his Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Picasso believed that masks were "magic things" or "mediators" between humans and

In creating his Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Picasso believed that masks were "magic things" or "mediators" between humans and  A) cultural histories B)...

Which of the following allowed for a dramatic increase in fenestration (window areas) in the Carson, Pirie, Scott Building?

Which of the following allowed for a dramatic increase in fenestration (window areas) in the Carson, Pirie, Scott Building?  A) use of precast...

An advantage of the "daguerreotype" photograph over the "calotype" process is that the daguerreotype

An advantage of the "daguerreotype" photograph over the "calotype" process is that the daguerreotype A) can easily be replicated B) has much greater...

Works by Impressionist painters like Claude Monet were criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT for their

Works by Impressionist painters like Claude Monet were criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT for their A) loose, gestural brushwork B)...

Renoir's Luncheon of the Boating Party reflects a modern sensibility due mostly to its

Renoir's Luncheon of the Boating Party reflects a modern sensibility due mostly to its A) an assembly of people from varied backgrounds or social...

Which of the following works was part of a series created to study the changing effects of light and color?

Which of the following works was part of a series created to study the changing effects of light and color? A) Monet's Gare Saint-Lazare B) Manet's...

The term "Japonisme" refers to the popularity of all things Japanese among which of the following?

The term "Japonisme" refers to the popularity of all things Japanese among which of the following? A) the German Expressionists B) the PreRaphaelite...

All of the following terms can be used to discuss the stylistic character of the Houses of Parliament EXCEPT

All of the following terms can be used to discuss the stylistic character of the Houses of Parliament EXCEPT A) picturesque B) historicism C) Empire...

Chardin's depiction of instructing children can BEST be associated with the ideals or interests of

Chardin's depiction of instructing children can BEST be associated with the ideals or interests of A) the Realist movement B) the Industrial Revolution C)...

Both Judith Leyster and Frans Hals were known for their

Both Judith Leyster and Frans Hals were known for their A) portraits of lower and middle class subjects B) landscapes with moral overtones C) genre...

In Rococo paintings, figures are most likely to be depicted

In Rococo paintings, figures are most likely to be depicted  A) as actively engaged or religiously motivated B) as examples of moral virtue...

Turner's Fighting Temeraire refers to which of the following?

Turner's Fighting Temeraire refers to which of the following? A) the cruel atrocities committed by men in the slave trade B) the heroic grandeur...

Ingres belongs primarily to which of the following movements?

Ingres belongs primarily to which of the following movements? A) Neoclassicism B) Rococo C) Romanticism D) Realism Answer:...

Botticelli's Birth of Venus and Michelangelo's figures of the Medici Chapel are both believed to be associated with the concept of

Botticelli's Birth of Venus and Michelangelo's figures of the Medici Chapel are both believed to be associated with the concept of A) Absolutism B)...

The soft contours and smoky atmospheric effects associated with a technique known as "sfumato" are associated with the paintings of

The soft contours and smoky atmospheric effects associated with a technique known as "sfumato" are associated with the paintings of  A) Leonardo B)...

Turner's landscapes were mostly inspired by the works of the Baroque painter

Turner's landscapes were mostly inspired by the works of the Baroque painter A) Claude Lorrain B) Thomas Gainsborough C) Jacob van Ruisdael D) Rembrandt...

The figure of Liberty in Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People was modeled after the

The figure of Liberty in Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People was modeled after the A) Peplos Kore B) Athena Parthenos C) Pauline Borghese as...

In referencing Louis XIV, the central figure in this grouping is that of

In referencing Louis XIV, the central figure in this grouping is that of  A) Jupiter B) Hercules C) Apollo D) Christ Answer:...

Goya's Third of May, 1808 addresses all of the following characteristics of Romanticism EXCEPT

Goya's Third of May, 1808 addresses all of the following characteristics of Romanticism EXCEPT A) a focus on victims and anti-heroes to highlight...

The Palace of Versailles was built (transformed from a hunting lodge) by Louis XIV during the

The Palace of Versailles was built (transformed from a hunting lodge) by Louis XIV during the A) 16th century B) 17th century C) 18th century D)...

In the creation of his Neoclassical buildings, Thomas Jefferson was influenced by the writings of

In the creation of his Neoclassical buildings, Thomas Jefferson was influenced by the writings of A) Andrea Palladio B) Leon Battista Alberti C)...

Who designed the gardens at Versailles?

Who designed the gardens at Versailles? A) Charles Le Brun B) Francois Mansart C) Andre Le Nôtre D) Hyacinthe Rigaud Answer:...

Which of the following artists did NOT create work in the 18th century?

Which of the following artists did NOT create work in the 18th century? A) Watteau B) Poussin C) Gainsborough D) Boucher Answer:...

Goya's Third of May, 1808 was created for the newly restored

Goya's Third of May, 1808 was created for the newly restored  A) Ferdinand VII of Spain B) Charles X of France C) Charles IV of Spain D) Joseph...

Which of the following was a Rococo artist known for his/her invention of a fête galante, an outdoor scene of well-dressed couples?

Which of the following was a Rococo artist known for his/her invention of a fête galante, an outdoor scene of well-dressed couples? A) Watteau B)...

A painting that has the appearance of sculptural form is called a

A painting that has the appearance of sculptural form is called a  A) predella B) grisaille C) cassone D) burin Answer:...

Pieter Bruegel painted during the

Pieter Bruegel painted during the  A) 15th century B) 16th century C) 17th century D) 18th century Answer:...

This print by Dürer was influenced primarily by the writings of

This print by Dürer was influenced primarily by the writings of  A) Ignatius Loyloa B) Martin Luther C) St. Bridget of Sweden D) Eramus of...

Which of the following is NOT believed to have included a self-portrait of the artist?

Which of the following is NOT believed to have included a self-portrait of the artist? A) El Greco's Burial of Count Orgaz B) Pontormo's Entombment C)...

Caravaggio's The Calling of St. Matthew broke with tradition due to its

Caravaggio's The Calling of St. Matthew broke with tradition due to its A) unnatural color scheme B) highly stylized figures C) contemporary setting D)...

Which of the following artists is NOT known for his prolific production of prints?

Which of the following artists is NOT known for his prolific production of prints? A) Caravaggio B) Dürer C) Rembrandt D) Cranach Answer:...

Which of the following techniques attracted artists like Titian to oil painting?

Which of the following techniques attracted artists like Titian to oil painting? A) etching B) engraving C) burnishing D) glazing Answer:...

To highlight its function of bringing solace to the sick, who is depicted on the Isenheim Altarpiece?

To highlight its function of bringing solace to the sick, who is depicted on the Isenheim Altarpiece? A) St. Sebastian and St. Anthony B) St. Peter...

One indication that this painting exemplifies Venetian painting is due to its

One indication that this painting exemplifies Venetian painting is due to its A) emphasis on theatricality B) hard-edge contours C) ambiguity of...

Why did Diego Velazquez paint his Las Meninas?

Why did Diego Velazquez paint his Las Meninas? A) as a diplomatic gift to a foreign ruler B) so that the artist could join a confraternity C) to...

The design of this church by Alberti influenced which of the following later churches?

The design of this church by Alberti influenced which of the following later churches? A) Il Gesu in Rome B) San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome C)...

Pieter Bruegel painted during the

Pieter Bruegel painted during the  A) 15th century B) 16th century C) 17th century D) 18th century Answer:...

The pessimistic tone of this work can likely be attributed to

The pessimistic tone of this work can likely be attributed to A) the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre B) the Black Death C) the Sack of Rome D)...

Pontormo's Entombment exemplifies Mannerist painting due to its

Pontormo's Entombment exemplifies Mannerist painting due to its A) balanced and harmonious composition B) didactic narrative and symbolic content C)...

Which of the following artists is NOT known for his prolific creation of prints?

Which of the following artists is NOT known for his prolific creation of prints? A) Caravaggio B) Dürer C) Cranach D) Rembrandt Answer:...

The influence of Michelangelo's art can be seen in Rubens' Samson and Delilah through the work's

The influence of Michelangelo's art can be seen in Rubens' Samson and Delilah through the work's  A) realistic detail based on direct observation B)...

To highlight the importance of the Bible as God's ultimate authority, this work places which saint in front of St. Peter?

To highlight the importance of the Bible as God's ultimate authority, this work places which saint in front of St. Peter? A) St. Mark B) St. Paul C)...

To highlight its function of bringing solace to the sick, who is depicted on the Isenheim Altarpiece?

To highlight its function of bringing solace to the sick, who is depicted on the Isenheim Altarpiece? A) St. Sebastian and St. Anthony B) St. John...

One indication that Titian's Venus of Urbino may relate to marriage is the depiction of a/an

One indication that Titian's Venus of Urbino may relate to marriage is the depiction of a/an A) camera obscura B) escudo de monja C) cassone D) predella Answer:...

Titan's Madonna of the Pesaro Family exemplifies Venetian painting due to its

Titan's Madonna of the Pesaro Family exemplifies Venetian painting due to its  A) emphasis on theatricality B) hard-edged contours C) ambiguity...

Pieter Bruegel painted during the

Pieter Bruegel painted during the  A) 15th century B) 16th century C) 17th century D) 18th century Answer:...

The pessimistic tone of Michelangelo's Last Judgment have led scholars to believe that the fresco was influenced by the

The pessimistic tone of Michelangelo's Last Judgment have led scholars to believe that the fresco was influenced by the  A) Sack of Rome B)...

This work promotes the goals of the Catholic, or Counter, Reformation due to its emphasis on

This work promotes the goals of the Catholic, or Counter, Reformation due to its emphasis on  A) translating the Bible into the vernacular B)...

Bruegel's Tower of Babel is believed to be a critique of the rule of

Bruegel's Tower of Babel is believed to be a critique of the rule of A) Francis I of France B) Philip II of Spain C) Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire D)...

The objects on the table in Holbein's French Ambassadors provide a clue that these men are

The objects on the table in Holbein's French Ambassadors provide a clue that these men are A) prolific writers on the subject of philosophy B) loyal...

This "unknown" work was created by

This "unknown" work was created by A) Pontormo B) El Greco C) Grünewald D) Dürer Answer:...

One explanation for the evolution of insect wings suggests that wings began as lateral extensions of the body that were used as heat dissipaters for thermoregulation. When they had become sufficiently large, these extensions became useful for gliding through the air, and selection later refined them as flight-producing wings. If this hypothesis is correct, modern insect wings could best be described as

One explanation for the evolution of insect wings suggests that wings began as lateral extensions of the body that were used as heat dissipaters for...

The existence of the phenomenon of exaptation is most closely associated with which of the following observations that natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms?

The existence of the phenomenon of exaptation is most closely associated with which of the following observations that natural selection cannot fashion...

How many of the following statements concerning the loss of hind limbs during whale evolution are true? 1. It is well documented by a series of transitional fossils. 2. It explains why modern whales have vestigial pelvic girdles. 3. It involved changes in the sequence or expression of Hox genes. 4. It is an example of macroevolution. 5. It, and the loss of limbs by snakes, are an example of similar adaptations to a similar environment.

How many of the following statements concerning the loss of hind limbs during whale evolution are true?1. It is well documented by a series of transitional...

Larval flies (maggots) express the Ubx gene in all of their segments, and thereby lack appendages. If this same gene continued to be expressed throughout subsequent developmental stages, except in the head region, and if the result was a fit, sexually mature organism that still strongly resembled a maggot, this would be an example of

Larval flies (maggots) express the Ubx gene in all of their segments, and thereby lack appendages. If this same gene continued to be expressed throughout...

The loss of ventral spines by modern freshwater sticklebacks is due to natural selection operating on the phenotypic effects of Pitx1 gene

The loss of ventral spines by modern freshwater sticklebacks is due to natural selection operating on the phenotypic effects of Pitx1 gene  A)...

Bagworm moth caterpillars feed on evergreens and carry a silken case or bag around with them in which they eventually pupate. Adult female bagworm moths are larval in appearance; they lack the wings and other structures of the adult male and instead retain the appearance of a caterpillar even though they are sexually mature and can lay eggs within the bag. This is a good example of

Bagworm moth caterpillars feed on evergreens and carry a silken case or bag around with them in which they eventually pupate. Adult female bagworm moths...

An organism has a relatively large number of Hox genes in its genome. Which of the following is true of this organism?

An organism has a relatively large number of Hox genes in its genome. Which of the following is true of this organism?  A) These genes are...

On the basis of their morphologies, how might Linnaeus have classified the Hawaiian silverswords?

On the basis of their morphologies, how might Linnaeus have classified the Hawaiian silverswords? A) He would have placed them all in the same species. B)...

The major evolutionary episode corresponding most closely in time with the formation of Pangaea was the

The major evolutionary episode corresponding most closely in time with the formation of Pangaea was the  A) Cambrian explosion. B) Permian...

If two continents converge and are united, then the collision should cause

If two continents converge and are united, then the collision should cause  A) a net loss of intertidal zone and coastal habitat. B) the extinction...

The first terrestrial organisms probably were considered which of the following? 1. burrowers 2. photosynthetic 3. multicellular 4. prokaryotes 5. eukaryotes 6. plants and their associated fungi

The first terrestrial organisms probably were considered which of the following?1. burrowers2. photosynthetic3. multicellular4. prokaryotes5. eukaryotes6....

Which of the following characteristics should have been possessed by the first animals to colonize land? 1. were probably herbivores (ate photosynthesizers) 2. had four appendages 3. had the ability to resist dehydration 4. had lobe-finned fishes as ancestors 5. were invertebrates

Which of the following characteristics should have been possessed by the first animals to colonize land?1. were probably herbivores (ate photosynthesizers)2....

The snowball Earth hypothesis provides a possible explanation for the

The snowball Earth hypothesis provides a possible explanation for the  A) diversification of animals during the late Proterozoic era. B) oxygenation...

Which event is nearest in time to the end of the period known as snowball Earth?

Which event is nearest in time to the end of the period known as snowball Earth? A) oxygenation of Earth's seas and atmosphere B) evolution of mitochondria C)...

Which of these observations gives the most support to the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells?

Which of these observations gives the most support to the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells?  A) the existence of structural...

Recent evidence indicates that the first major diversification of multicellular eukaryotes may have coincided in time with the

Recent evidence indicates that the first major diversification of multicellular eukaryotes may have coincided in time with the  A) origin of...

If it were possible to conduct sophisticated microscopic and chemical analyses of microfossils found in 3.2-billion-year-old stromatolites, then one should be surprised to observe evidence of which of the following within such microfossils? I. double-stranded DNA II. a nuclear envelope III. a nucleoid IV. a nucleolus V. ribosomes

If it were possible to conduct sophisticated microscopic and chemical analyses of microfossils found in 3.2-billion-year-old stromatolites, then one...

What is thought to be the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on Earth? 1. origin of mitochondria 2. origin of multicellular eukaryotes 3. origin of chloroplasts 4. origin of cyanobacteria 5. origin of fungal-plant symbioses

What is thought to be the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on Earth?1. origin of mitochondria2....

What is true of the Cambrian explosion?

What is true of the Cambrian explosion?  A) There are no fossils in geological strata that are older than the Cambrian explosion. B) Only the...

Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes?

Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes?  A) Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei. B)...

An early consequence of the release of oxygen gas by plant and bacterial photosynthesis was to

An early consequence of the release of oxygen gas by plant and bacterial photosynthesis was to  A) generate intense lightning storms. B) change...

If a fossil is encased in a stratum of sedimentary rock without any strata of igneous rock (for example, lava, volcanic ash) nearby, then it should be

If a fossil is encased in a stratum of sedimentary rock without any strata of igneous rock (for example, lava, volcanic ash) nearby, then it should...

What is true of the fossil record of mammalian origins?

What is true of the fossil record of mammalian origins?  A) It is a good example of punctuated equilibrium. B) It shows that mammals and birds...

Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend?

Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend?  A) 3.5 million years B) 5.0 million years C) 3.5 billion years D) 5.0...

Which measurement(s) would help determine absolute dates by radiometric means?

Which measurement(s) would help determine absolute dates by radiometric means?  A) the accumulation of the daughter isotope B) the loss of...

If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5,730 years, then a fossil that has one-sixteenth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old?

If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5,730 years, then a fossil that has one-sixteenth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about...

If natural selection in a particular environment favored genetic systems that permitted the production of daughter "cells" that were genetically dissimilar from the mother "cells," then one should expect selection for which of the following? I. polynucleotide polymerase with low mismatch error rates II. polynucleotide polymerases without proofreading capability III. batteries of efficient polynucleotide repair enzymes IV. polynucleotide polymerases with proofreading capability V. polynucleotide polymerases with high mismatch error rates

If natural selection in a particular environment favored genetic systems that permitted the production of daughter "cells" that were genetically dissimilar...

Several scientific laboratories across the globe are involved in research concerning the origin of life on Earth. Which of these questions is currently the most problematic and would have the greatest impact on our understanding if we were able to answer it?

Several scientific laboratories across the globe are involved in research concerning the origin of life on Earth. Which of these questions is currently...

The synthesis of new DNA requires the prior existence of oligonucleotides to serve as primers. On Earth, these primers are small RNA molecules. This latter observation is evidence in support of the hypothesized existence of

The synthesis of new DNA requires the prior existence of oligonucleotides to serve as primers. On Earth, these primers are small RNA molecules. This...

The first genes on Earth were probably

The first genes on Earth were probably  A) DNA produced by reverse transcriptase from abiotically produced RNA. B) DNA molecules whose information...

Which of the following is a defining characteristic that all protobionts had in common?

Which of the following is a defining characteristic that all protobionts had in common?  A) the ability to synthesize enzymes B) a surrounding...

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life? I. formation of protobionts II. synthesis of organic monomers III. synthesis of organic polymers IV. formation of DNA-based genetic systems

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?I. formation of protobiontsII. synthesis of organic monomersIII. synthesis...

What is true of the amino acids that might have been delivered to Earth within carbonaceous chondrites?

What is true of the amino acids that might have been delivered to Earth within carbonaceous chondrites?  A) They had the same proportion of...

How were conditions on the early Earth of more than 3 billion years ago different from those on today's Earth?

How were conditions on the early Earth of more than 3 billion years ago different from those on today's Earth?  A) Only early Earth was intensely...

Which of the following factors weaken(s) the hypothesis of abiotic synthesis of organic monomers in early Earth's atmosphere? 1. the relatively short time between intense meteor bombardment and the appearance of the first life-forms 2. the lack of experimental evidence that organic monomers can form by abiotic synthesis 3. uncertainty about which gases comprised early Earth's atmosphere

Which of the following factors weaken(s) the hypothesis of abiotic synthesis of organic monomers in early Earth's atmosphere?1. the relatively short...

Suppose that a group of male pied flycatchers migrated from a region where there were no collared flycatchers to a region where both species were present. Assuming events like this are very rare, which of the following scenarios is least likely?

Suppose that a group of male pied flycatchers migrated from a region where there were no collared flycatchers to a region where both species were present....

Plant species A has a diploid number of 12. Plant species B has a diploid number of 16. A new species, C, arises as an allopolyploid from A and B. The diploid number for species C would probably be

Plant species A has a diploid number of 12. Plant species B has a diploid number of 16. A new species, C, arises as an allopolyploid from A and B. The...

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation?

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation?  A) A population becomes geographically isolated from the parent...

Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and Audubon's warbler as distinct species. Recently, these birds have been classified as eastern and western forms of a single species, the yellow-rumped warbler. Which of the following pieces of evidence, if true, would be cause for this reclassification?

Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and Audubon's warbler as distinct species. Recently, these birds have been classified as eastern and western...

According to the punctuated equilibria model,

According to the punctuated equilibria model,  A) natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. B) given enough time, most...

Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals. These rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?

Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals....

The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a

The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a  A) population. B) species. C) genus. D) hybrid. E) phylum. Answer:...

On the volcanic, equatorial West African island of Sao Tomé, two species of fruit fly exist. Drosophila yakuba inhabits the island's lowlands, and is also found on the African mainland, located about 200 miles away. At higher elevations, and only on Sao Tomé, is found the very closely related Drosophila santomea. The two species can hybridize, though male hybrids are sterile. A hybrid zone exists at middle elevations, though hybrids there are greatly outnumbered by D. santomea. Studies of the two species' nuclear genomes reveal that D. yakuba on the island is more closely related to mainland D. yakuba than to D. santomea (2n = 4 in both species). Sao Tomé rose from the Atlantic Ocean about 14 million years ago

On the volcanic, equatorial West African island of Sao Tomé, two species of fruit fly exist. Drosophila yakuba inhabits the island's lowlands, and is...

On the volcanic, equatorial West African island of Sao Tomé, two species of fruit fly exist. Drosophila yakuba inhabits the island's lowlands, and is also found on the African mainland, located about 200 miles away. At higher elevations, and only on Sao Tomé, is found the very closely related Drosophila santomea. The two species can hybridize, though male hybrids are sterile. A hybrid zone exists at middle elevations, though hybrids there are greatly outnumbered by D. santomea. Studies of the two species' nuclear genomes reveal that D. yakuba on the island is more closely related to mainland D. yakuba than to D. santomea (2n = 4 in both species). Sao Tomé rose from the Atlantic Ocean about 14 million years ago.

On the volcanic, equatorial West African island of Sao Tomé, two species of fruit fly exist. Drosophila yakuba inhabits the island's lowlands, and is...

In order for speciation to occur, what must be true?

In order for speciation to occur, what must be true?  A) The number of chromosomes in the gene pool must change. B) Changes to centromere...

Which of the following statements about speciation is correct?

Which of the following statements about speciation is correct?  A) The goal of natural selection is speciation. B) When reunited, two allopatric...

Speciation

Speciation  A) occurs at such a slow pace that no one has ever observed the emergence of new species. B) occurs only by the accumulation of...

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium,

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium,  A) natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. B) given enough time,...

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the "sudden" appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the "sudden" appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that  A) the species...

A narrow hybrid zone separates the toad species Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata. What is true of those alleles that are unique to the parental species?

A narrow hybrid zone separates the toad species Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata. What is true of those alleles that are unique to the parental...

The most likely explanation for the recent decline in cichlid species diversity in Lake Victoria is

The most likely explanation for the recent decline in cichlid species diversity in Lake Victoria is  A) reinforcement. B) fusion. C) stability. D)...